Beginning blogging and WordPress.com tips and tricks

I've been pleasantly surprised that even though my readership is small, several readers have asked how to make a website like mine. I'm going to charitably assume you mean my blog, which is what you're reading, and not my temporarily abandoned website. Therefore, here's a post about choices I've made, research I've stumbled upon, and hacks I've created. I will start with the most rudimentary information, since it's what has been requested, and move on to the more difficult work and choices.